New solutions of intelligent GPS anti-theft electronic system for automobiles

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????From the current mainstream models in the market, the main anti-theft methods include engine immobilization system (IMMO), remote keyless entry (RKE), keyless access control (PKE), two-way smart key, infrared detection, airflow detection and GPS satellite positioning, among which IMMO and GPS are the most widely used.

????The engine anti-theft locking system is developed on the basis of the general VATS. It inherits the idea of VATS in the anti-theft principle, that is, it uses the password of the chip in the key to match the password in the start switch to control the start of the engine, so as to achieve the purpose of anti-theft. "IMMO mainly controls the engine through the engine control unit ECU. The whole scheme includes low-frequency transceiver, MCU, voltage regulator and communication interface chips (such as CAN, LIN transceiver)." Zhang Jianchen, Senior Marketing Manager of Automotive Electronics Greater China of NXP Semiconductor, pointed out that, "Due to the size limitation, so many components need to be realized with a special circuit board. For this reason, we have introduced a new generation of single-chip solution ABIC2, which includes LIN transceiver, voltage regulator and digital logic unit. It realizes the remote ECU communication of a single chip. Only three lines (Power, GND and LIN) are needed to realize the IMMO function."

????Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) technology is most widely used in the automotive field. At present, most models in the market from high-end to low-end have this function. The principle of this technology is to control the door through the body control module BCM, and just press the button on the key to close or open the door. With the development of technology, some medium and high-end models, such as Cadillac STS, Ford Mondeo and Peugeot 307, integrate this function with the engine immobilization system. Zhang Jianchen said that in order to save the cost and space of keys, NXP took the lead in introducing a single chip solution integrating IMMO and RKE.

????Keyless access control system (PKE) has been developed on the basis of RKE. As a new generation of anti-theft technology, it is gradually developing and growing. At present, it has gradually entered the mid-range car market from the high-end car market. Not only high-end car manufacturers such as Mercedes Benz and BMW have widely adopted PKE, but also medium-sized models such as Forte Mondeo, Nissan's Teana and the new Mazda have also adopted this technology. Zhang Jianchen explained that PKE is not a traditional key, but a smart key, similar to a smart card. When the driver steps into the specified range, the system will automatically open the door if it is a legally authorized driver through identification and judgment. After getting on the vehicle, the driver only needs to press a button to start the ignition switch. "As the first semiconductor manufacturer to mass produce PKE solutions, NXP can now provide a complete solution. The mainstream chip PCF7952 has the characteristics of high integration and low power consumption, integrating all functions of IMMO, RKE and PKE," he said.

????The two-way smart key is a more intelligent anti-theft technology. The two-way communication function is realized by adding RF modules. However, due to the high cost, the large-scale application in the market still needs time. The advantages of the two-way smart key are mainly in two aspects: first, it is easier to use. The car owner can monitor the status of the car on the key through LED or LCD display to confirm whether the car has been locked and whether the engine is still running; Another advantage is that the security is greatly enhanced. The traditional one-way key is facing the danger of being intercepted or attacked when transmitting signals to the car. When using the two-way solution, the car manufacturer can use various encryption security algorithms to encrypt the transmission data between the key and the car.

????For RKE and PKE applications, Microchip provides patented KEELOQ technology, which is used to achieve code hopping transmission and lock or unlock cars. Fanie Duvenhage, product marketing manager of the company's security, microcontroller and technology development business division, said that some systems send very short fixed code information to cars, and the information is easy to be captured and re launched. In addition, in some systems, the information is short, and it is easy for others to "guess" confidential information, bringing hidden dangers to security.

????"With our KEELOQ technology, the information transmitted each time is unique. Even if someone captures the information transmitted, it cannot be used, because the next piece of information will be completely different. Moreover, the information is long enough to be difficult for others to guess. From the perspective of security, cost and ease of use, KEELOQ system has great advantages."

????In order to improve security, TI introduced a new generation of low-power PKE encryption transceiver scheme DST+, which not only has the function of identity recognition, but also can verify the accuracy of this recognition. In this system, the number of authorized spare keys, the date and time stamp of the learning process, and other background information are stored, adding more security features to the transceiver. In addition, through the integration of RFID devices, this solution of TI also realizes the keyless entry function. The identification device carried by the driver contains one or more antennas connected with RFID devices, which can automatically identify the driver and unlock the car when the owner approaches or touches the door handle.

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